Direct Seawater Hydrogen Evolution via Atomically Precise Regulation of Interfacial pH and Ion‐Water Interactions

at an overpotential of 292 mV and retains exceptional stability (> 500 h) under intermittent renewable-energy operation, with one-tenth the Pt loading of commercial Pt/C. This work establishes a pH gradient-mediated interfacial chemistry framework enabled by atomically precise engineering, providing guidance for sustainable and efficient direct seawater hydrogen evolution.