Abstract In the present study, the experimental steels containing nanoparticles were manufactured under different mass fractions of C and Mn. A systematic analysis of inclusion characteristics, Intra-granular acicular ferrites (IAF) inducing potency of active inclusions, and microstructure morphologies revealed that Al2O3-MgO had the largest number fraction with higher inducement ratios than other inclusions. Steel samples containing 0.21wt% C contained the largest share of fine acicular ferrite (AF) than other samples due to relatively stronger inducing potency of active inclusions on IAF. On the other hand, the underlying microstructures in steel samples with Mn content less than 0.6wt% were due to weaker inducing potencies of active inclusions on IAF.