Comparative effect of nonpharmacological interventions on emergence delirium prevention in children following sevoflurane general anesthesia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Nonpharmacological interventions can reduce the high incidence of pediatric emergence delirium after surgery. Our systematic review highlights the efficacy of multicomponent programs and listening to heartbeat sounds intraoperatively in reducing ED risk. The findings aid health professionals in selecting optimal strategies for pediatric perioperative care.