Cardiovascular Challenges Beyond Earth: Investigating the Impact of Space Travel on Astronauts’ Cardiovascular Health

In the coming decades, as humanity aims to establish a presence on Mars, there is a growing significance in comprehending, monitoring, and controlling the diverse health challenges arising from space exploration. The extended exposure to microgravity during space missions leads to various physical alterations in astronauts, such as shifts in bodily fluids, reduced plasma volume, loss of bone density, muscle wasting, and cardiovascular deconditioning. These changes can ultimately lead to orthostatic intolerance, underscoring the increasing importance of addressing these health risks. Astronauts are exposed to cosmic radiation consisting of high-energy particles from various sources, including solar cosmic rays and galactic cosmic rays. These radiations can impact the electrical signals in the heart, potentially causing irregular heart rhythms. Understanding the risks to the heart and blood circulation brought on by exposure to space radiation and the overall stress of spaceflight is essential and this article reviews the cardiovascular effects of space travel on astronauts.