120 nm wide band tunable pulsed laser generation employing vanadium carbide MXene/polyvinyl alcohol (V2C-PVA) film

Abstract MXene, a group of 2D materials, has garnered significant attention from researchers due to its impressive characteristics, such as large surface area, high metallic conductivity, and strong nonlinear saturable absorption. These properties make MXene an excellent material for exploring new possibilities in ultrafast photonics technology. The present study has demonstrated that vanadium carbide (V 2 C) MXene can function as a saturable absorber (SA) and effectively generate Q-switching pulses in the 1.9 μ m wavelength region. The molten salt synthesis method was used to synthesize V 2 C MXene, which involved the selective etching of aluminum (Al) layers from the V 2 AlC MAX Phase precursor. The V 2 C MXene was transformed into a thin film by mixing it with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using a solution casting technique. The resulting V 2 C-PVA film was found to have saturable absorption properties, with a modulation depth of 8% and saturation intensity of 1.6 MW cm −2 . Upon integrating the V 2 C-PVA film into the Thulium/Holmium-doped fiber laser (THDFL) cavity, stable Q-switching pulses were realized at a central wavelength of 1896.9 nm with 13.9 nm of 3-dB spectral bandwidth. At the maximum pump power of 448.7 mW, the 2.2 μ s of pulse duration, 58.26 kHz of repetition rate, and 31 nJ of pulse energy were achieved. By adjusting the tunable bandpass filter (TBPF) integrated within the THDFL cavity, the system has a tunable spectral range of approximately 120.75 nm, from 1889.75 nm to 2010.5 nm. The exceptional performance of V 2 C-based SA for Q-switching operation showcases the immense potential of other MXene materials in the future of photonics applications.