Regulating Bottom-Up Sodium Deposition with a Triple-Gradient Scaffold for High-Capacity and Long-Life Sodium Metal Batteries

Open AccessCCS ChemistryRESEARCH ARTICLES7 Nov 2024Regulating Bottom-Up Sodium Deposition with a Triple-Gradient Scaffold for High-Capacity and Long-Life Sodium Metal Batteries Junxiong Wu, Xiaoyan Li, Hongyang Chen, Ziwei Yuan, Jiafang Huang, Lijuan Tong, Jing Long, Manxian Li, Xiaochuan Chen and Yuming Chen Junxiong Wu , Xiaoyan Li , Hongyang Chen , Ziwei Yuan , Jiafang Huang , Lijuan Tong , Jing Long , Manxian Li , Xiaochuan Chen and Yuming Chen https://doi.org/10.31635/ccschem.024.202404825 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail Achieving long-term stability of sodium metal anodes at high currents and capacities remains a formidable hurdle in practical rechargeable sodium metal batteries. Herein, a triple-gradient framework that integrates gradient orientation, conductivity, and sodiophilicity is proposed to regulate bottom-up sodium deposition and enable long-term operation of dendrite-free sodium metal batteries. The triple-gradient framework consists of two essential layers. The top layer is composed of highly oriented and electron-insulating oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibermat, while the bottom layer consists of randomly orientated carbon nanofibers that are electron-conductive and decorated with silver to enhance sodiophilicity. Finite element simulations demonstrate that the triple-gradient scaffold optimizes the distribution of the electric field and Na+ ions within the skeleton, facilitating preferential "bottom-up" sodium deposition and inhibiting dendrite growth, even at high current densities and capacities. As a result, the triple-gradient framework enables stable sodium plating/stripping for over 1500 hours at a current density and capacity of 5 mA cm−2 and 5 mAh cm−2 in symmetrical cells, accompanied by a remarkable cumulative capacity of 3750 mAh cm−2, outperforming that of non-gradient, single-gradient, and dualgradient counterparts. The triple-gradient design offers new opportunities for fabricating highenergy-density metal batteries with improved stability. Download figure Download PowerPoint Previous articleNext article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Issue AssignmentNot Yet AssignedSupporting Information Copyright & Permissions© 2024 Chinese Chemical Society Downloaded 0 times PDF downloadLoading ...