Hybrid nanoparticles emulsified vegetable oil as an environmentally friendly and sustainable leather fatliquoring agent

Introducing sustainability by a reduction in chemical input has added value to technology innovations, especially in the leather fatliquoring process. Major concern of sustainable leather fatliquoring process lies in factors like usage of natural oil, avoidance of hazardous substances and reduction in organic load to the environment. Due to their special features, such as their ease of preparation and environmental friendliness, Pickering emulsions and their applications have received significant attention in recent years. The present study reports a novel sustainable leather fatliquoring process by usage of hybrid particles (alumina coated with silica) stabilised Pickering emulsions as fatliquor instead of conventional sulphated oil based fatliquor. Eco fatliquoring agent with a particular choice of vegetable oil stabilised by hybrid alumina functionalised with silica (Al-O-SiO2)/ hybrid nanoparticles through Pickering emulsion was reported. During the post tanning process, the uses of this developed fatliquoring agent causes a reduction in the 30% of fatliquoring agent input and 40% reduction in dye input. The presence of alumina nanoparticles resulted in an immediate improvement of the abrasion resistance, softness, and physical properties of the crust leather. Utilizing hybrid particles (Al-O-Si) as a stabiliser readily improves the uptake of other post tanning chemicals. Thus, the prepared fatliquoring agent suitably softened the leather and significantly improved the mechanical properties, light fastness, and fullness with the reduction in the pollution load. To divulge the sustainability of the fatliquoring process, the sustainability analysis for the developed product was analyzed and presented. As compared to the conventional fatliquoring process the E factor of the experimental process was estimated to be lower (at a value of 0.25) which indicates minimum emissions. Based on cost estimation, leather fatliquoring is economically viable when using the prepared fatliquoring agent.