Environmental aging of tire and road wear particles and tire additives: a long-term field study

'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (6-PPD) after exposure in the sedimentation pond. For the sunlight exposure the results of this long-term field study are well comparable to the results of a previous lab study. A laboratory study on (bio) degradation in water with optimized conditions appears to overestimate both leaching and (bio) degradation occurring in the sedimentation pond. Despite these differences, this field study confirms the previous conclusion that, while a substantial part of the polar and moderately polar chemicals is rapidly released, tire particles can be a long-term source of tire-related chemicals. Preventing TRWP from entering aqueous environments would substantially reduce the load of polar and moderately polar compounds transported with them.