Screen addiction among children and adolescents and the self-efficacy of mothers in screen use management during the COVID-19 lockdown in Sri Lanka

Background: The prevalence of problematic screen use (PSU) or “screen addiction” among children and adolescents may have escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The self-efficacy of the mothers in managing screen use in their children may play an important preventive role in children developing PSU. Aims: This study aimed to assess PSU among children aged 4-18 years during the lockdown period imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the association between PSU and self-efficacy of mothers in managing screen use. Methods: An online survey was conducted using social media groups among mothers of children aged 4-18 years. The PSU in their children was measured using the Problematic Media Use Measure (PMUM), and maternal self-efficacy in managing screen use was assessed using the Parental Screen Use Management Scale (PSUMS). The two questionnaires were translated and validated into Sinhala prior to this study. Results: A total of 320 mothers responded to the survey. Based on the PMUM cut-off score, 25.3% of the children were found to have PSU. PSU was inversely correlated with maternal self-efficacy in managing screen use (r=-0.63, p<0.001). All three subscales of the PSUMS; reactive management (r=-0.56, p<0.001), proactive management (r=-52, p<0.001), and monitoring (r =-45, p<0.001), were significantly correlated with PSU. Younger age at screen use onset showed a marginal correlation (rho=-0.11, p=0.05) with PSU. The child’s age, gender and the educational level of the mother were not associated with PSU. Conclusion: Maternal self-efficacy in managing screen use among children was associated with lower PSU in children.