Current research into novel nano-delivery carriers based on exosomes: preparation, targeted enhancement, delivery mechanism and clinical application

mechanisms such as surface ligand-receptor recognition, membrane fusion, or endocytosis. This precise delivery system regulates cellular functions, evades immune clearance, and holds immense promise for disease treatment, showcasing broad clinical application prospects. However, this field still faces key technological bottlenecks such as large-scale production and quality control. To address these challenges, emerging technologies such as the EXODUS system and microfluidic chips, which have demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing extraction efficiency and purity, have been utilized, offering potential solutions for scalable and standardized production. Future research should focus on addressing issues related to production process standardization and clinical translation to promote the practical application of this novel delivery system.