Photocatalytic Ethylene Scavenging for Fresh Produce Preservation: A Comprehensive Review

Ethylene, a natural plant hormone, accelerates the aging and spoilage of fresh produce postharvest, significantly reducing shelf life. Efficient scavenging of ethylene is crucial for extending the storage period, maintaining quality, and minimizing losses. The existing ethylene removal strategies cannot fully meet the current requirements for extending the shelf life of fresh produce. Photocatalytic degradation of ethylene is an emerging technology that utilizes low-energy, high-efficiency photocatalysis, showing promising potential for enhancing postharvest preservation of fresh produce. This review synthesizes studies on photocatalytic degradation of ethylene and its application in postharvest preservation for some typical fruits. It critically discusses advancements in photocatalysts, including nano titanium dioxide (nanoTiO2), nano zinc oxide (nanoZnO), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), tungsten oxide (WO3), other semiconductors, and the ones based on those nanomaterials, evaluating their photocatalytic efficiency under various lighting conditions. The integration of these photocatalysts into existing storage systems and their impact on product quality and shelf life extension are explored through a detailed analysis of recent technological developments. Photocatalytic degradation of ethylene effectively reduces perishability and waste of fresh produce. Nanostructured photocatalysts, particularly those activated under visible light, demonstrate higher efficacy and stability, suitable for scalable applications with feasible solutions. Challenges remain in optimizing catalyst design, cost, and integration with existing packaging, logistics and other preservation systems. Future research is suggested to focus on understanding the mechanisms of ethylene degradation to enhance post-harvest quality and develop commercially viable photocatalytic systems that support agricultural sustainability and food security.