Dynamic Response Evaluation for Single-Hole Bench Carbon Dioxide Blasting Based on the Novel SSA–VMD–PCC Method

Carbon dioxide blasting is an excellent alternative technique for blasting. Nowadays, bench carbon dioxide blasting has been gradually used in mining and rock engineering. To evaluate the essential characteristics of the ground vibration induced by bench carbon dioxide blasting, we monitored the single-hole bench carbon dioxide blasting vibration signal and proposed a novel method for determining variational modal decomposition (VMD) parameters based on the sparrow search algorithm (SSA). After the signal has been decomposed by the VMD method with the optimized initial parameters, combined with Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC), the noise and false components from the original signal can be removed. Then, the time–frequency characteristics of the monitored ground vibration were analyzed through the Hilbert transform. Latterly, based on the monitored peak particle velocity (PPV) in carbon dioxide blasting, an empirical equation for the ground vibration was established. It is indicated from the results that the SSA–VMD–PCC method can be successfully applied to the vibration signal preprocessing of carbon dioxide blasting. The vibration energy of bench carbon dioxide blasting is mainly concentrated in the range of 0–128 Hz. The attenuation law of PPVs in two monitoring directions obeys the power function, and the PPVs in the jet direction are greater than that in the vertical jet direction. Compared with the single free-surface blasting, ground vibration excited by the bench blasting with two free surfaces is weaker. Moreover, the blasting vibration empirical equation proposed by dimensional analysis can effectively describe the attenuation of the PPV in bench carbon dioxide blasting.