高效多孔碳基催化剂的研究进展及其在锌空气电池中应用

The urgency of the energy shortage has intensified, and the emission of carbon dioxide from conventional fossil fuels has significantly led to global warming in recent years. Zinc-air batteries (ZABs), as a promising sustainable energy source, have garnered widespread attention due to their favorable characteristics, including cost-effectiveness, high specific energy density, safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the progress of ZAB development has been hindered by the limited catalytic efficiency and poor stability of air catalysts at the cathode. This review focuses on the latest advancements and research progress in porous carbon-based oxygen catalysts for air cathodes. It begins with a brief introduction to ZABs, followed by an exploration of the structure and composition of carbon support, emphasizing pore structure and heteroatom doping. The design and preparation of porous carbon support for ZABs are discussed in detail based on pore size, namely, micropores, mesopores, and macropores. Furthermore, various synthesis strategies for heteroatom doping are summarized, along with their impacts on battery performance, categorized by nitrogen, fluorine, sulfur, phosphorus, and boron. Finally, an outlook on the future challenges and opportunities for ZABs is proposed.