Prevalence of 2-year “No evidence of disease activity” (NEDA-3 and NEDA-4) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A real-world study

Background No evidence of disease activity (NEDA) is becoming a gold standard in the evaluation of disease modifying therapies (DMT) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). NEDA-3 status is the absence of relapses, new activity on brain MRI, and disability progression. NEDA-4 meets all NEDA-3 criteria plus lack of brain atrophy. Objective Aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of two-year NEDA-3, NEDA-4, six-month delayed NEDA-3 (6mdNEDA-3), and six-month delayed NEDA-4 (6mdNEDA-4) in a cohort of patients with RRMS. Six-month delayed measures were introduced to consider latency of action of drugs. Methods Observational retrospective monocentric study. All the patients with RRMS starting DMT between 2015 and 2018, and with 2-year of follow-up, were included. Annualized brain volume loss (a-BVL) was calculated by SIENA software. Results We included 108 patients, the majority treated with first line DMT. At 2-year follow-up, 35 % of patients were NEDA-3 (50 % 6mdNEDA-3), and 17 % NEDA-4 (28 % 6mdNEDA-4). Loss of NEDA-3 status was mainly driven by MRI activity (70 %), followed by relapses (56 %), and only minimally by disability progression (7 %). Conclusion In our cohort 2-year NEDA status, especially including lack of brain atrophy, was hard to achieve. Further studies are needed to establish the prognostic value of NEDA-3 and NEDA4 in the long-term follow-up.