Novel liquid crystalline polymers of polyacetylenes with comb structure were studied by SEC/RI/RALLS/DV. The relationship between the molecular size and the polymer structure was formulated, and the theta condition of two samples was obtained. Flory′s characteristic ratios C ∞ and unperturbed dimensions (r 2 0/M) 1/2 were calculated. The effect of the side group size on chain flexibility was discussed. The results show that the technique of SEC/RI/RALLS/DV is a useful means for characterizing the novel liquid crystalline polymer of polyacetylenes with comb structure, which can not be effectively characterized by conventional SEC.