Abstract Cellular senescence occurs when cells lose the ability to divide and proliferate. Endothelial cell senescence is associated with vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. In this review, I discuss the factors affecting endothelial cell senescence. Then I describe the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in endothelial cell senescence. Understanding miRNA pathways in endothelial senescence may lead to new treatments for endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.