Recent trends of titania (TiO2) based materials: A review on synthetic approaches and potential applications

In modern research, nanotechnology is of great interest having certain advantageous and enormous applications in various fields. Among different metal oxides, titanium dioxide (Titania) stands out among metal oxides due to its advantageous properties such as being cost-effective, non-toxic, thermally and chemically stable, biocompatible, and having a suitable band gap for solar energy conversion. It exists in three allotropic forms and can be synthesized using chemical, physical, or biological methods, with biological approaches being particularly favored for their eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. The multifunctional characteristics of titania enables its use in diverse industrial and research applications, including food packaging, wastewater treatment, degradation of pollutants, energy storage, and more. The review provides an overview of synthesis methods and extensive applications of titania across different life sciences and industries.