Laser and Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is considered the first option as a conservative treatment for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). However, there is still debate whether energy-based devices are effective for treating SUI. Objective The objective of this study was to assess whether PFMT and fractional CO 2 laser therapy may improve symptoms in women with SUI. Study Design A parallel, randomized, nonblinded, noninferiority trial included 94 of 144 women 18 years or older with SUI randomized into 2 groups. The CO 2 laser group (n = 47) received 3 vaginal applications at monthly intervals. The PFMT group (n = 47) underwent 2 weekly sessions. Primary outcome was the mean difference of International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Urinary Incontinence Short-Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) total scores between groups after 3 and 6 months. Main secondary outcomes were questionnaires for assessment of pelvic floor symptoms (Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire—Short Form 7 [PFIQ-7]), sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI]), and improvement after treatment (Patient Global Impression of Improvement [PGI-I]). Results A reduction in the ICIQ-UI-SF total score, PFIQ total score, and the Urinary Impact Questionnaire score was perceived between baseline and 3–6 months in both groups. CO 2 laser did not reach the noninferiority margin when compared with PFMT in both follow-up periods and analyses. Pelvic floor muscle training has improved the FSFI desire domain between baseline and 3–6 months, whereas CO 2 laser improved the FSFI orgasm, pain, and total score after 3 months and FSFI orgasm and total score after 6 months. PGI-I assessment has shown an improvement in both groups. Conclusion Fractional CO 2 laser therapy was noninferior to PFMT after 3–6 months of treatment. Both groups presented a reduction in the ICIQ-UI-SF scores, and both methods could be considered for women with SUI.