Enhancing pulse energy-storage performance via strategy of establishing sandwich heterostructure

The effects of sandwich heterostructure on the energy-storage property are still existing some "mess", detailed and systematic investigation should be carried out. In this work, novel sandwich heterostructure ceramics composed of (Ba0.94Li0.02La0.04)(Mg0.04Ti0.96)O3 and 0.85(Ba0.94Li0.02La0.04)(Mg0.04Ti0.96)O3–0.15NaNbO3 were prepared by film stacking and laminating technology and traditional solid-state sintering, to reveal the relationship between sandwich heterostructure and energy-storage performance. Sandwich heterojunction significantly affects electron-injection, space-charge, build-in electric field (Ei) direction, interlayer-coupling, interface-blocking and clamping effect. Ei direction is adjusted and electric tree growth is restrained. Interface blocking effect mainly occurs when Ei direction is opposite to applied electric field. Comparatively high polarization and tilted polarization-electric field hysteresis loops are obtained. Outstanding recoverable energy-storage density of 5.81 J/cm3 and discharge energy density of 3.99 J/cm3 are gained with current density of 1016.71 A/cm2 and power density of 305.01 MW/cm3. Satisfactory frequency stability, temperature stability and anti-fatigue feature are also achieved. Such sandwich heterostructure design develops a convenient and effective method to enhance energy-storage performance, and related research guides the study of energy-storage performance in multilayer heterostructure.