Cellulose-based bi-layer hydrogel evaporator with a low evaporation enthalpy for efficient solar desalination

Interfacial evaporation through hydrogel-based evaporators is emerging as a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for drinkable water production. Herein, a specially designed bi-layer hydrogel evaporator was fabricated and used for efficient solar water desalination. With cotton linter as cellulose precursor, it was dispersed in a highly concentrated ZnCl