Targeting Thbs1 reduces bladder remodeling caused by partial bladder outlet obstruction via the FGFR3/p‐FGFR3 pathway

Abstract Background Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) may lead to bladder remodeling, including fibrosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Despite the extensive research on the mechanisms underlying pBOO, potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of pBOO require further research. Dysregulated expression of thrombospondin‐1 (Thbs1) has been reported in various human fibrotic diseases; however, its relationship with pBOO remains unclear. Aims Investigate the effects of Thbs1 on bladder remodeling caused by pBOO. Methods We established a pBOO model in Sprague–Dawley rats and performed urodynamic analyses to estimate functional changes in the bladder, validated the histopathological changes in the bladder by using haematoxylin–eosin and Masson's trichrome staining, identified key target genes by integrating RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and bioinformatics analyses, validated the expression of related factors using Western blot analysis and RT‐qPCR, and used immunofluorescence staining to probe the potential interaction factors of Thbs1. Results Urodynamic results showed that pressure‐related parameters were significantly increased in rats with pBOO. Compared with the sham group, the pBOO group demonstrated significant increases in bladder morphology, bladder weight, and collagen deposition. Thbs1 was significantly upregulated in the bladder tissues of rats with pBOO, consistent with the RNA‐seq data. Thbs1 upregulation led to increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP9, and fibronectin (Fn) in normal human urinary tract epithelial cells (SV‐HUC‐1), whereas anti‐Thbs1 treatment inhibited the production of these cytokines in TGF‐β1‐treated SV‐HUC‐1. Further experiments indicated that Thbs1 affected bladder remodeling in pBOO via the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) pathway. Conclusions Thbs1 plays a crucial role in bladder remodeling caused by pBOO. Targeting Thbs1 might alleviate ECM damage. Mechanistically, Thbs1 may function via the FGFR signaling pathway by regulating the FGFR3 receptor, identified as the most relevant disease target of pBOO, and FGF2 may be a mediator. These findings suggest that Thbs1 plays a role in BOO development and is a therapeutic target for this condition.