Systematic investigation of metal dopants and mechanism for the SnO2 electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells

SnO 2 was the most promising ETL. Systematical investigation of the doping elements from same main group and the same period into SnO 2 found that the K doped SnO 2 based PSCs has low defect density and high conductivity, and achieved a PCE of 20.92%.