A Digital Signal Processing-Based Multi-Channel Acoustic Emission Acquisition System with a Simplified Analog Front-End

Advanced multi-channel acoustic emission (AE) monitoring systems often rely on complex and costly architectures, especially those requiring custom FPGA-based hardware. In this work, we present a digital signal processing (DSP)-based approach to high-performance AE acquisition, implemented using a simplified analog front-end (AFE) and a commercially available synchronous data acquisition (DAQ) card (NI USB-6356). This design eliminates the need for specialized FPGA development, improving accessibility and reducing system complexity. A key feature of the system is the replacement of traditional analog filters with a software-defined digital band-pass filtering module implemented in LabVIEW. This allows for real-time or post-processing filtering with adjustable parameters, enhancing flexibility in data analysis. The system supports 8-channel synchronous sampling at 1.25 MS/s, and performance evaluations demonstrate a dynamic range of 79.22 dB and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 85.39 dB. These results confirm the system's ability to maintain high fidelity in AE signal acquisition without the need for dedicated hardware filtering or custom DAQ hardware. The proposed method offers a practical and validated alternative for multi-channel AE monitoring, with potential applications in structural health monitoring, materials testing, and other engineering domains.