Innovative Immunotherapy and Its Transformative Impact on Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of the Disease’s Origins, Epidemiology, Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

This review provides a thorough summary of gastric cancer (GC), including its categorization, etiology, diagnosis, and the emerging use of immunotherapy in its treatment. It investigates the Correa Cascade, a development from normal mucosa to adenocarcinoma, and discusses the global incidence and mortality rates of GC. The article discusses the Lauren Classification, WHO classification, and tumor staging, emphasizing the necessity of early detection for optimal care. It investigates the different causes of GC, including Helicobacter pylori, Epstein-Barr Virus, hereditary and environmental variables, and describes the diagnostic procedures utilized for early detection. Finally, this review aims to provide an in-depth breakdown and overview of the most important topics in GC and immunotherapy, including disease development, classification, risk factors, early detection methods, treatment options, and the growing significance of immunotherapy, as well as the importance of biomarkers, ongoing clinical trials, and immunotherapy's potential to treat GC.