Mechanochemically driven radical nitration of electron-rich ortho- and para- di- a trialkoxy arenes using iron (III) nitrate

This study introduces a sustainable mechanochemical approach for the nitration of electron-rich ortho- and para- di- and trialkoxy arenes using iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O) as a source of nitro radicals. Conventional nitration methods require harsh conditions and hazardous reagents, limiting their application. Herein, mechanochemical activation offers a rapid and efficient alternative with minimal solvent and reduced reaction time. The screening identified Fe(NO₃)₃ as the most effective nitrating agent, with successful application in a variety of ortho- and para- di- and trialkoxy arenes while maintaining high regioselectivity. The scalability and environmental benefits of the method underscore its potential in organic synthesis, advancing a practical, green protocol for radical aromatic nitration