Onion Extracellular Vesicles Loaded Celecoxib For Periodontitis Treatment

This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of extracellular vesicles derived from onions, loaded with celecoxib, on osteoclast differentiation during the progression of periodontitis. Extracellular vesicles derived from onions were extracted, their morphology and particle size were analyzed.In vivo, a rat periodontitis model was established and treated with onion-derived extracellular vesicles, celecoxib, or celecoxib-loaded extracellular vesicles. H&E staining was used to assess inflammation infiltration in major organs of rats in each group to evfluate the biological safety of the administered drugs.Alveolar bone loss was assessed using micro-CT, while TRAP staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the number of osteoclasts and the expression of osteoclast differentiation-related biological markers.In vitro,first, the internalization of onion-derived extracellular vesicles and celecoxib-loaded onion-derived extracellular vesicles by RAW264.7 cells was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy, then a periodontitis-like environment was simulated by inducing the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts using Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS, M-CSF, and RANKL. The groups are same as above. TRAP staining and Western blot were used to assess the number of osteoclasts and the expression of osteoclast differentiation-related markers. Celecoxib-loaded onion-derived extracellular vesicles can inhibit osteoclast differentiation during the progression of periodontitis. Celecoxib-loaded onion-derived extracellular vesicles hold promise as a potential adjunctive therapy for periodontitis. Their ideal biocompatibility, low acquisition cost, and ability to inhibit osteoclast differentiation provide new insights for the pharmacological treatment of periodontitis.