Nanomaterials of displacement performance in low permeability reservoirs: A comprehensive review of experimental research and model evaluation

The application of nanomaterials in the field of petroleum engineering has brought new opportunities for improving reservoir recovery. The current research lacks a comprehensive discussion on the properties of nanomaterials under reservoir conditions. In this paper, the performance research and optimization strategy of nano oil displacement materials in low permeability reservoirs are systematically reviewed, and the oil displacement mechanism, experimental research, and model evaluation are mainly discussed. The performance of nanomaterials in low permeability reservoirs is affected by many factors, including nanoparticle properties, reservoir conditions, formation water compatibility, adaptability to crude oil components such as asphaltenes and resins, and interaction with reservoir rock minerals and pore structures. The dispersion stability, interfacial activity, and viscosity reduction effect of nanomaterials can be quantified by experimental means to evaluate their properties. Then, based on the modified Darcy equation, capillary force model, and particle transport-retention coupling model, the dynamic migration law and permeability damage mechanism of nanomaterials in porous media are revealed. This paper comprehensively discusses the experimental characterization and modeling methods, which have underdeveloped an important reference for optimizing the design and engineering deployment of nanomaterials in low permeability reservoirs.