Radiomics-Based Machine Learning to Predict Recurrence in Glioma Patients Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Recurrence is a major factor in the poor prognosis of patients with glioma. The aim of this study was to predict glioma recurrence using machine learning based on radiomic features.We recruited 77 glioma patients, consisting of 57 newly diagnosed patients and 20 patients with recurrence. After extracting the radiomic features from T2-weighted images, the data set was randomly divided into training (58 patients) and testing (19 patients) cohorts. An automated machine learning method (the Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool) was applied to generate 10 independent recurrence prediction models. The final model was determined based on the area under the curve (AUC) and average specificity. Moreover, an independent validation set of 20 patients with glioma was used to verify the model performance.Recurrence in glioma patients was successfully predicting by machine learning using radiomic features. Among the 10 recurrence prediction models, the best model achieved an accuracy of 0.81, an AUC value of 0.85, and a specificity of 0.69 in the testing cohort, but an accuracy of 0.75 and an AUC value of 0.87 in the independent validation set.Our algorithm that is generated by machine learning exhibits promising power and may predict recurrence noninvasively, thereby offering potential value for the early development of interventions to delay or prevent recurrence in glioma patients.