Factors Associated With Psychological Distress Among Thyroid Cancer Patients

Abstract Objective To assess the prevalence of psychological distress (PD) among thyroid cancer patients (TCPs) and identify clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors associated with PD. Study Design Retrospective population‐based cohort study. Setting 2016 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey. Methods Adults with cancer were included. The primary outcome measure was moderate‐to‐severe psychological distress (MSPD), defined as a respondent score ≥5 on the validated K6 Psychological Distress Scale. χ 2 tests were used to assess differences in MSPD by cancer type. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to elucidate factors associated with MSPD among TCPs. Results The majority of TCPs (n = 684,674) were white (75.4%), female (78.5%), and on average 55.65 years old (SD = 13.2). 28.4% reported MSPD. On weighted analysis, TCPs were more likely to have MSPD than prostate (14.9%, P < .001), bladder (16.4%, P = .011), and nonmelanoma skin cancer (16.3%, P < .001) patients but less likely than pancreatic cancer (30.0%, P = .030) patients. TCPs who were older when surveyed (odds ratio [OR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI, 0.88‐0.98), previously drank alcohol (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06‐0.91), and saw a general physician (GP) in the past year (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03‐0.56) were less likely to have MSPD. Female sex (OR, 8.12; 95% CI, 1.61‐40.89), increased number of medical comorbidities (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.00‐2.14), and functional limitations (OR, 4.55; 95% CI, 1.33‐15.74) were associated with increased likelihood of MSPD. Conclusion Nearly 30% of TCPs have MSPD, especially younger patients who do not regularly see GPs. Future work to identify the most at‐risk patients is needed to improve prevention and develop meaningful psychosocial interventions.