Sports and Geography: Exploring Their Mutual Influence on Geographical Dynamics

Sport and geography are intrinsically connected, influencing and shaping each other bidirectionally. Drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives, this narrative review examined how natural geographical factors —such as terrain, climate, and elevation—affect sport participation and athletic performance. It also explored the role of human-made geographical features, including sport stadiums, arenas, and facilities, in developing sport organisations and fostering community development at various scales. The review further investigated how sport, as a global industry, transforms geographical landscapes, reflecting and reinforcing political, economic, and cultural power dynamics. The analysis of major sporting events demonstrated their profound impact on host cities and regions, including urban development, infrastructure projects, and environmental changes. The paper concluded by emphasising the significance of this reciprocal relationship between sport and geography, highlighting the potential to develop sustainable programmes and policies that enhance collective well-being and encourage collaborative approaches between the two fields.