Noble Metal (Pt, Rh, Pd, Ir) Doped Ru/CNT Ultra‐Small Alloy for Acidic Hydrogen Evolution at High Current Density

There are still great challenges to prepare high-efficiency Ru-based catalysts that are superior to Pt/C under acidic conditions, especially under high current conditions. In this work, a series of surfactant-free noble metal doped Ru/CNT (M-Ru/CNT, M = Pt, Rh, Pd, Ir, CNT stands for carbon nanotube) are prepared by microwave reduction method in 1 minute with ≈3-3.5 nm in size for the first time. In 0.5 m H2 SO4 , the overpotential of Pt-Ru/CNT (Pt: 4.94 at %) is only 12 mV. What's more, it also has much larger electrochemical surface area and intrinsic activity than Pt/C. Pt-Ru/CNT still has an ultra-small overpotential under high current density (113 mV at 500 mA cm-2 , 155 mV at 1000 mA cm-2 ). At the same time, it possesses excellent stability regardless of high current or low current after the durability test of 100 h. Theoretical calculation also deeply reveals that Ru is the main adsorption site of H+ . The comparison of the electronic structure of a series of noble metals adjusted by Ru shows that Pt has the most excellent Gibbs free energy of the adsorbed hydrogen and promotes the desorption of the product.