Protein engineering design from directed evolution to de novo synthesis

With the development of enzyme engineering technology, green enzyme catalysis is widely poised to replace traditional chemical catalysis enabling high enantioselectivity and yielding chiral chemicals. However, some inherent drawbacks still restrict natural enzymes in these applications e.g., enzyme instability, low activity, limited substrate spectra. Herein, protein engineering was exhibited powerful means to reconstruct natural enzymes for promising enzymes with industrial values. Many enzyme engineering design strategies have emerged in recent years (e.g., directed evolution, semi-rational design, artificial synthesis, Computer-Assisted Design (CAD), artificial intelligence) to generate enzymatic diversity and abundance for needs. This review introduces the development of these protein engineering design strategies. This works primarily focus as upon the application of semi-rational design based on sequence information and protein structure, and artificial intelligence through deep learning algorithms altering the function of natural enzymes to obtain superior functionality and specificity industrial enzymes.