Establishing a Quantitative Endpoint for Transarterial Embolization From Real-Time Pressure Measurements

Abstract Transarterial embolization (TAE) is a standard-of-care treatment for tumors in which embolic particles are locally injected via a catheter to occlude blood flow and induce ischemia in the target tissue. Physicians currently rely on subjective visual cues from fluoroscopy in order to determine the procedural endpoint relative to the injection site. This contributes to highly variable treatment outcomes, including the accumulation of embolic particles in healthy tissue, called off-target embolization. To address this concern, we describe a novel, multilumen catheter that 1) measures real-time pressure upstream of the tumor site during TAE injection; and 2) associates that measurement with the volume of embolic particles injected. Using an in vitro silicon vascular model, we characterize the relationship between blood flow, intravascular pressure, and injection pressure. Furthermore, we identify a predictive pressure curve based on the volume of embolic particles injected. This approach has the potential to standardize and optimize TAE, reducing the likelihood of incomplete or off-target embolization, and improving patient outcomes.