Effectiveness in Real World of Once Weekly Semaglutide in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptor Agonist Naïve or Switchers from Other Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptor Agonists: Results from a Retrospective Observational Study in Umbria

To complement results of the SUSTAIN program, this study assessed effectiveness and safety of once weekly subcutaneous semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) managed under routine care. This was a multicenter, observational, retrospective study including all patients treated with semaglutide. Changes in clinical outcomes from baseline to 6 and 12 months were assessed in patients who were glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) naïve or switching from another GLP-1RA. Discontinuation rate was assessed. Overall, 216 patients (mean age 64 years, 65.7% men) were evaluated: 135 (61.5%) naïve and 81 (38.5%) switchers from another GLP-1RA. In the naïve cohort, after 6 months from semaglutide initiation, levels of HbA1c significantly decreased by − 1.31% ( p < 0.0001). All obesity indices improved, with mean reductions in body weight of − 3.92 kg, in BMI of − 1.43 kg/m 2 , and in waist circumference of − 5.03 cm. In the switcher cohort, statistically significant improvements in HbA1c (− 0.78%), body weight (− 2.64 kg), and waist circumference (− 3.03 cm) were obtained after 6 months. Reductions were sustained after 12 months in both cohorts (mean semaglutide dose: 0.86 mg in naïve and 0.96 mg in switcher cohort). Blood pressure and lipid profile mean levels decreased after 12 months from semaglutide initiation in both cohorts. No severe hypoglycemia occurred; 6.5% of patients discontinued semaglutide (2.8% due to gastrointestinal side effects). Effectiveness and tolerability of semaglutide have been confirmed in the real world irrespective of diabetes duration and severity. As expected, more marked reductions in HbA1c and obesity indices were obtained in naïve patients, but it is noteworthy that relevant improvements were also obtained in patients already treated with GLP-1RAs.