Differential pulse striping voltammetric determination of molluscicide niclosamide using three different carbon nanomaterials modified electrodes

Three different carbon nanomaterials modified electrodes based on single(multi)-walled carbon nanotubes (S(M)WCNTs) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ER-GO) modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) were fabricated and used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of niclosamide (NA) by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Experimental parameters, such as the preconcentration time, scan rate, and the pH value of buffer solution were optimized. A possible working mechanism for the electrochemical detection of NA was also proposed. The electrochemical performances of these three carbon nanomaterials modified electrodes were compared with one another. Among three modified electrodes, ER-GO/GCE displayed lowest peak potential, highest sensitivity, best repeatability, reproducibility and peak shape as well as higher peak current response. Additionally, ER-GO/GCE exhibited better linearity than S(M)WCNTs/GCE over ranges from 0.020 to 23.1 μM with the detection limit of 6.6 nM (S/N = 3), and also successfully employed for real sample analysis with NA tablets. Satisfactory results indicated that ER-GO/GCE can provide a promising candidate for the trace analysis of NA in agriculture.