A model of teacher professional knowledge and skill including PCK: Results of the thinking from the PCK Summit

Educational researchers are interested in how teaching is related to student outcomes. It seems obvious that what a teacher knows should influence how they teach and what students learn. Unfortunately, when examining the relationship between measures of teacher content knowledge (i.e., grade-point average, courses taken, standardized test scores), only weak relationships to student outcomes are found, accounting for less than 1 percent of the variation (Wayne & Youngs, 2003).