Nanogold Flower‐Inspired Nanoarchitectonics Enables Enhanced Light‐to‐Heat Conversion Ability for Rapid and Targeted Chemo‐Photothermal Therapy of a Tumor

Abstract Chemo‐photothermal therapy has become a promising tool for clinical noninvasive tumor therapy, which is able to efficiently avoid drug resistance and other side effects from chemical anticarcinogenic drugs. The ability to selectively fast‐heat tumor tissues over surrounding compartments is of fundamental importance and makes effective treatment of tumor margins and complex tumor geometries. Currently existing chemo‐photothermal methods mainly show slow light‐to‐heat conversion with increased temperature up to around 45–57 °C for 5–20 min or a longer time in vitro under regular near‐infrared laser irradiation, and during tumor therapy, worse performance in temperature changes are obtained due to the much longer penetration distance in vivo. Herein, nanoarchitectonics with excellent chemo‐photothermal performance are first proposed for tumors via in situ decoration of nanogold flowers on graphene oxide surface with further modification of the aptamer molecule. Even with simple synthesis processes, these nanoarchitectonics demonstrate impressive increased temperatures up to 85 °C in just 2 min under 808 nm laser irradiation with regular power density. Due to the fast light‐to‐heat conversion ability and specific binding effect between the aptamer and tumor cells, the designed nanocarrier shows a rapid and target therapy system with a targeted chemo‐photothermal tumor treatment.