Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of SUMO-1 in SMMC-7721,HepG2,Hep3B,hepatocellular carcinomas(HCC) and liver tissues surrounding HCC.Methods The mRNA and protein of SUMO-1 in SMMC-7721,HepG2,Hep3B,HCCs and liver tissue surrounding HCCs were examined by means of RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The expression level of SUMO-1 mRNA and protein elevated significantly in SMMC-7721,HepG2,Hep3B and hepatocellular carcinoma tissues.Although the quantities of SUMO-1 mRNA and protein varied in liver tissues surrounding HCC,there was a significant difference between hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and their surrounding liver tissues(P0.001).Conclusion The expression of SUMO-1 in HCCs shows marked contrast enhancement relative to the liver tissues surrounding HCC.SUMO-1 may be an interesting target in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.