清脆的
反式激活crRNA
生物
计算生物学
Cas9
生物发生
基因组编辑
核酸酶
遗传学
基因
作者
Chunyu Liao,Chase L. Beisel
出处
期刊:Annual Review of Genetics
[Annual Reviews]
日期:2021-11-23
卷期号:55 (1): 161-181
被引量:21
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-071719-022559
摘要
CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea utilize short CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) to guide sequence-specific recognition and clearance of foreign genetic material. Multiple crRNAs are stored together in a compact format called a CRISPR array that is transcribed and processed into the individual crRNAs. While the exact processing mechanisms vary widely, some CRISPR-Cas systems, including those encoding the Cas9 nuclease, rely on a trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA). The tracrRNA was discovered in 2011 and was quickly co-opted to create single-guide RNAs as core components of CRISPR-Cas9 technologies. Since then, further studies have uncovered processes extending beyond the traditional role of tracrRNA in crRNA biogenesis, revealed Cas nucleases besides Cas9 that are dependent on tracrRNAs, and established new applications based on tracrRNA engineering. In this review, we describe the biology of the tracrRNA and how its ongoing characterization has garnered new insights into prokaryotic immune defense and enabled key technological advances.
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