Identification of careless responding in ecological momentary assessment research: From posthoc analyses to real-time data monitoring.

≤ 5), and the percentage of items that fall at the mode (≥ 60%) are independent and reliable indicators of a careless response. Excluding careless responses such as these remove implausible positive correlations among psychometric antonyms (e.g., relaxed and anxious). Further, by identifying and removing careless responses, we also identify careless responders, participants who could be removed from group analyses. We use these results to develop and introduce an R package, EMAeval, so EMA researchers may similarly identify careless responses and responders either online during data collection or posthoc, after data collection has completed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).