Graphene Oxide as Scaffolds for Stem Cells: An Overview

Graphene and graphene oxide topography have an effect on the fate of stem cells such as adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation. This overview clearly shows that a new design and manipulation of associated graphene oxide stem cell culture platforms are of paramount importance as a focus in stem cell to tissue engineering applications. This overview also proposes that a film of graphene oxide is an efficient platform to modulate structure and function of multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and in special human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (AT-MSCs). The implication of graphene oxide on osteogenesis, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, adipogenic and epithelial differentiation is also discussed. Graphene oxide toxicity on stem cells and the importance of GO application on ATMSCs differentiation and proliferation are final topics that are being discussed.