红细胞生成
内科学
内分泌学
血管收缩
促红细胞生成素
红细胞
激素
红细胞
生理学
微循环
生物
医学
贫血
出处
期刊:Blood Reviews
[Elsevier]
日期:2014-03-01
卷期号:28 (2): 41-47
被引量:279
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.blre.2013.12.003
摘要
Men and women have different mean haemoglobin levels in health in venous blood - women have mean levels approximately 12% lower than men. A similar sex-related difference in haemoglobin levels in adult animals is found in many species of mammals, birds and reptiles, indicating that it is an important physiological phenomenon. It is probably a direct effect of sex hormones, both oestrogen and androgens, on erythropoiesis. However, since there is no difference in erythropoietin levels between the sexes, this effect most likely takes place in the kidney, rather than in the bone marrow. Oestrogens dilate and androgens constrict the renal microvasculature: dilation and vasoconstriction in vessels below 300 μm in diameter respectively increase and decrease the haematocrit in blood in arterioles, capillaries and venules, altering the oxygen delivery per unit red cell mass, and providing a mechanism for varying the red cell mass without compensatory changes in erythropoiesis.
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