平菇栽培菌株与野生菌株杂交子农艺性状的遗传分化 Genetic Differentiation of Hybrids from Cultivated Strain and Wild Strain in Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus

以平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)栽培菌株HP和野生菌株ZJJ为杂交亲本材料，采用担孢子稀释分离法分别获得HP、ZJJ的单孢菌株38个和55个。两个亲本各随机挑选10个单孢菌株在PDA培养基上进行配对杂交，获得14个杂交子。根据杂交子与两个亲本菌株的拮抗反应不同，可将14个杂交子划分为4种类型。在不同的培养基质中，菌丝生长速度出现明显分化。杂交后代中除1个未出菇之外，其它杂交子的平均产量都低于栽培菌株HP，但有5个杂交子产量高于野生菌株ZJJ。大部分杂交子菌盖颜色接近亲本HP的颜色，其中3个杂交子长出无菌盖的子实体。杂交子农艺性状分析表明，产量的变异系数最大(37.2%)，其它依次为原基形成期(25.4%)、菌柄长度(21.8%)、菌丝长满袋的天数(21.0%)、单菇重量(16.2%)、菌盖厚度(14.5%)、菌盖直径(13.5%)和菌柄直径(9.4%)。Cultivated strain HP and wild strain ZJJ of Pleurotus ostreatus were used in this study. 38 mono- karyons from strain HP and 55 monokaryons from strain ZJJ were obtained respectively by single basi- diospore isolation. 10 monokaryons from each parental strain were selected randomly for hybridization and 14 dikaryons were obtained. According to the different antagonist reaction between hybrid and parents, the 14 hybrids were divided into 4 types. The mycelia growth rate on different media showed dominant differ- rentiation. The result of cultivation test showed that one hybrid could not fruit and yield of the others were lower than that of the cultivated strain HP, while the yields of 5 hybrids were higher than that of the wild strain ZJJ. Among the hybrids, most pilei showed similar color with that of parent HP (white), 3 hybrids formed fruitbodies without pilei. The analysis of hybrids agronomic charateristics showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) of yield was the largest (21.9%), the others in the order were primordial initiation days (25.4%), stipe length (21.8%),full colonization time (21.0%),average weight of single fruitbody (16.2%), pi- leus thickness (14.5%), pileus diameter (13.5%)and stipe diameter (9.4%).