生物测定
生物分析
计算生物学
生物分子
生化工程
多路复用
纳米技术
计算机科学
生物系统
工程类
生物化学
生物
材料科学
生物信息学
遗传学
作者
Hiroyuki Noji,Yasuyo Minagawa,Hiroshi Ueno
出处
期刊:Lab on a Chip
[The Royal Society of Chemistry]
日期:2022-01-01
卷期号:22 (17): 3092-3109
被引量:24
摘要
Digital bioassays based on single-molecule enzyme reactions represent a new class of bioanalytical methods that enable the highly sensitive detection of biomolecules in a quantitative manner. Since the first reports of these methods in the 2000s, there has been significant growth in this new bioanalytical strategy. The principal strategy of this method is to compartmentalize target molecules in micron-sized reactors at the single-molecule level and count the number of microreactors showing positive signals originating from the target molecule. A representative application of digital bioassay is the digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Owing to their versatility, various types of digital ELISAs have been actively developed. In addition, some disease markers and viruses possess catalytic activity, and digital bioassays for such enzymes and viruses have, thus, been developed. Currently, with the emergence of new microreactor technologies, the targets of this methodology are expanding from simple enzymes to more complex systems, such as membrane transporters and cell-free gene expression. In addition, multiplex or multiparametric digital bioassays have been developed to assess precisely the heterogeneities in sample molecules/systems that are obscured by ensemble measurements. In this review, we first introduce the basic concepts of digital bioassays and introduce a range of digital bioassays. Finally, we discuss the perspectives of new classes of digital bioassays and emerging fields based on digital bioassay technology.
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