Intensive BP Control in Patients with CKD and Risk for Adverse Outcomes

Background The effect of intensive BP lowering (to systolic BP of <120 mm Hg) on the risk of kidney failure requiring KRT remains unclear in patients with advanced CKD. Such patients were not well-represented in trials evaluating intensive BP control. Methods To examine the effect of intensive BP lowering on KRT risk—or when not possible, trial-defined kidney outcomes—we pooled individual-level data from seven trials that included patients with eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 . We performed prespecified subgroup analyses to evaluate the effect of intensive BP control by baseline albuminuria and eGFR (CKD stages 4–5 versus stage 3). Results Of 5823 trial participants, 526 developed the kidney outcome and 382 died. Overall, intensive (versus usual) BP control was associated with a lower risk of kidney outcome and death in unadjusted analyses but these findings did not achieve statistical significance. However, the intervention's effect on the kidney outcome differed depending on baseline eGFR ( P interaction=0.05). By intention-to-treat analysis, intensive (versus usual) BP control was associated with a 20% lower risk of the primary kidney outcome in those with CKD GFR stages 4–5, but not in CKD GFR stage 3. There was no interaction between intensive BP control and the severity of albuminuria for kidney outcomes. Conclusions Data from this pooled analysis of seven trials suggest a benefit of intensive BP control in delaying KRT onset in patients with stages 4–5 CKD but not necessarily with stage 3 CKD. These findings suggest no evidence of harm from intensive BP control, but also point to the need for future trials of BP targets focused on populations with advanced kidney disease.