[Serotyping methods of Streptococcus pneumonia].

More than 100 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumonia have been identified, which has been one bottleneck problem for pneumococcal disease diagnosis, surveillance, development of pneumococcal vaccine and effectiveness evaluation of pneumococcal vaccines. Three categories of approaches for pneumococcal serotyping will be discussed including phenotyping based on anti-serum, biochemical typing based on pneumococcal capsular characteristics and genotyping based on pneumococcal capsular locus sequences. We reviewed the development and applications of different serotyping of pneumococcus to provide guidance for pneumococcal disease prevention and control.肺炎球菌的血清型已超过100种，对众多血清型肺炎球菌进行分型和鉴定是肺炎球菌研究领域长期以来的“卡脖子”环节，建立准确、快速和高效的肺炎球菌血清型分型技术是疾病诊断、疾病监测、疫苗研发和疫苗效果评价的前提和基础。目前肺炎球菌血清分型和鉴定技术主要包括抗血清表型分型、荚膜多糖生化分型及荚膜多糖基因簇分型三种。本文将综述肺炎球菌血清分型技术的研究进展，阐述和分析不同分型技术的适宜应用场景，为肺炎球菌血清分型的实际工作提供指导。.