Multi-Physical Optimization Strategy for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis with Intermittent Renewable Energy

The Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) water electrolysis system, known for its high efficiency, high-purity hydrogen production, and rapid dynamic response, shows great potential in renewable energy integration and grid peak shaving. This paper focuses on the multi-physics characteristics of PEM water electrolysis system under an intermittent operating condition, thereby providing fundamental basis for parameter optimization and system control. Based on a detailed analysis of the operating principle, a multi-parameter characteristic mechanism model is established for PEM water electrolysis. The influences of temperature, pressure, current density, and PEM facility parameter on the electrolysis performance and hydrogen concentration in oxygen stream are systematically analyzed. Additionally, experimental simulations are conducted to clarify the optimal operating conditions for the PEM water electrolysis system, and optimization strategies are proposed to enhance system efficiency via parameter sensitivity analysis. The results demonstrate that high temperature (343 K), high current density (0.8-1.2 A/cm²), and moderate pressure (10-15 bar) are key factors to maximize efficiency, and a balance between membrane thickness and hydrogen permeability should be considered. Hopefully, this study could provide a theoretical basis for the design of PEM water electrolysis system.