医学
急性放射综合征
间充质干细胞
脐带
疾病
干细胞
重症监护医学
放射病
造血
生物信息学
免疫学
病理
内科学
生物
遗传学
作者
Kate Hurley,R. Clow,Ashok Jadhav,Edouard I. Azzam,Yi Wang
标识
DOI:10.1080/09553002.2023.2277372
摘要
The growing concern over potential unintended nuclear accidents or malicious activities involving nuclear/radiological devices cannot be overstated. Exposure to whole-body doses of radiation can result in acute radiation syndrome (ARS), colloquially known as "radiation sickness," which can severely damage various organ systems. Long-term health consequences, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, can develop many years post-exposure. Identifying effective medical countermeasures and devising a strategic medical plan represents an urgent, unmet need. Various clinical studies have investigated the therapeutic use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) for a range of illnesses, including ARS. The objective of this review is to thoroughly discuss ARS and its sub-syndromes, and to highlight recent findings regarding the use of UCB for radiation injury. UCB, a rich source of stem cells, boasts numerous advantages over other stem cell sources, like bone marrow, owing to its ease of collection and relatively low risk of severe graft-versus-host disease. Preclinical studies suggest that treatment with UCB, and often UCB-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), results in improved survival, accelerated hematopoietic recovery, reduced gastrointestinal tract damage, and mitigation of radiation-induced pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that UCB-derived exosomes and their microRNAs (miRNAs) might assist in treating radiation-induced damage, largely by inhibiting fibrotic pathways.UCB holds substantial potential as a radiation countermeasure, and future research should focus on establishing treatment parameters for ARS victims.
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