纳滤
膜
界面聚合
化学工程
材料科学
结垢
水处理
相位反转
膜技术
水溶液
纳米技术
环境工程
聚合物
化学
环境科学
单体
复合材料
工程类
有机化学
生物化学
作者
Alaa El Din Mahmoud,E. M. Mostafa
出处
期刊:Membranes
[MDPI AG]
日期:2023-09-12
卷期号:13 (9): 789-789
被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.3390/membranes13090789
摘要
Water shortages are one of the problems caused by global industrialization, with most wastewater discharged without proper treatment, leading to contamination and limited clean water supply. Therefore, it is important to identify alternative water sources because many concerns are directed toward sustainable water treatment processes. Nanofiltration membrane technology is a membrane integrated with nanoscale particle size and is a superior technique for heavy metal removal in the treatment of polluted water. The fabrication of nanofiltration membranes involves phase inversion and interfacial polymerization. This review provides a comprehensive outline of how nanoparticles can effectively enhance the fabrication, separation potential, and efficiency of NF membranes. Nanoparticles take the form of nanofillers, nanoembedded membranes, and nanocomposites to give multiple approaches to the enhancement of the NF membrane's performance. This could significantly improve selectivity, fouling resistance, water flux, porosity, roughness, and rejection. Nanofillers can form nanoembedded membranes and thin films through various processes such as in situ polymerization, layer-by-layer assembly, blending, coating, and embedding. We discussed the operational conditions, such as pH, temperature, concentration of the feed solution, and pressure. The mitigation strategies for fouling resistance are also highlighted. Recent developments in commercial nanofiltration membranes have also been highlighted.
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