Towards low-carbon papermaking wastewater treatment process based on Kriging surrogate predictive model

Papermaking wastewater contains a diverse range of organic carbon, nitrogen and other pollutants, which could lead to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) during biochemical treatment process. Despite the importance of decarbonizing the papermaking wastewater treatment process, the mechanisms underlying the generation of greenhouse gases remain elusive and no models currently exist to describe the process. To address this issue, this study employed benchmark simulation model No. 1 (BSM1) to simulate, the papermaking wastewater treatment process, and applied the steady-state output value of simulation to calculate the GHG emissions. Kriging surrogate model was applied to establish the emission model for GHG in the papermaking wastewater treatment process. The model provides a reference for the control and optimization of GHG emission reduction and a high accuracy was achieved with determination coefficient (R2) of above 96%. Further analysis of the parameter impact of process control on GHG emissions and the optimization effects of controllable variables contributes to the goal of reducing GHG emissions in the papermaking wastewater treatment process.